Heat and Work
Energy transfer across the boundary of a closed system can occur through two primary mechanisms: heat and work. These mechanisms play essential roles in the study of thermodynamics, and they…
Internal Energy Formula – Definition & Example
Internal Energy Formula – Definition & Example Internal energy, in the context of thermodynamics, encompasses all the microscopic forms of energy within a system. It is intricately tied to the…
Internal Energy Formula – Definition and Examples
Internal Energy Formula – Definition and Examples Energy exists in various forms, including thermal, mechanical, kinetic, potential, electric, magnetic, chemical, nuclear, and more. In the realm of thermodynamics, it is…
First Law of Thermodynamics – Limitations
First Law of Thermodynamics – Limitations The first law of thermodynamics is fundamentally linked to the conservation of energy. It deals with the conversion of heat energy into work and…
First Law of Thermodynamics – Control Volume
First Law of Thermodynamics – Control Volume The concept of a control volume is fundamental in deriving the basic conservation equations, whether we’re using the Lagrangian or Eulerian approach. Regardless…
Why transistor is so called?
Why transistor is so called? The word transistor is a combination of transfer and resistance. This is because it transfers the resistance from one end of the device to the…
What type of transistor is used in CMOS logic?
What type of transistor is used in CMOS logic? Two types of transistors are produced by CMOS technology: an n-type transistor or nMOS and a p-type transistor or pMOS. Both…
What is the basic of CMOS design?
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is a highly successful strategy for combining complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs to create logic functions. A CMOS transistor pair is typically…
What is the use of CMOS in VLSI?
CMOS in VLSI The reasons for the dominant use of CMOS Technology in the fabrication of VLSI chips are reliability, low power consumption, considerably low cost, and most importantly scalability.…
What are the basics of CMOS circuit?
Two primary connections are the two-input NAND gate and the two-input NOR gate. A NAND gate places two n-channel transistors in series to ground and two p-channel transistors in parallel…